Redstamp History: credits and sources

Why Britain Couldn't Have Won WW2 Alone

Credits and sources for this video.

Images (71)

• Cavity magnetron, World War II era, multi-cavity magnetron - National Electronics Museum - DSC00290
  Daderot. CC0.
• Admiral Scheer in Gibraltar
  U.S. Navy. Public domain.
• Aid From America- Lend-lease Food, London, England, 1941 D4318
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• Aid From America- Lend-lease Food, London, England, 1941 D4321
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• Aid From America- Lend-lease Food, London, England, 1941 D4322
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• Aid From America- Lend-lease Food, London, England, 1941 D4324
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• Aid From America- Lend-lease Food, London, England, 1941 D4325
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• An aerial view of a convoy in the Atlantic, 1941. Two escorts can be seen in the foreground. C2647
  Royal Air Force official photographer. Public domain.
• Atlantic Merchant Casualty, cropped
  Author unknown. Public domain.
• AustraliansAtTobruk
  Smith, N (Lt), No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• Bardia AWM006083
  NEGATIVE BY B.D.I. Public domain.
• Bayeux War Cemetery (3)
  DennisPeeters. Public domain.
• CDRUSINDOPACOM Visits Port Moresby (Bomana) War Cemetery (8529261)
  U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Shannon Smith. Public domain.
• CDRUSINDOPACOM Visits Port Moresby (Bomana) War Cemetery (8529263)
  U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Shannon Smith. Public domain.
• CDRUSINDOPACOM Visits Port Moresby (Bomana) War Cemetery (8529267)
  U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Shannon Smith. Public domain.
• Commonwealth Forces in North Africa 1941 E1573
  Geoffrey Keating. Public domain.
• Commonwealth Forces in North Africa 1941 E3721E
  Indian Official. Public domain.
• Convoy WS-12 en route to Cape Town, 1941
  USN. Public domain.
• Depth charge explosion during Battle of the Atlantic c1943
  Office of War Information. Public domain.
• Depth charges explode astern of HMS STARLING of the 2nd Escort Group in the Atlantic, January 1944. A21992
  Claude Henry Parnall. Public domain.
• Destroyers on Convoy Escort Duty, October 1941 A5914
  Royal Navy official photographer, Smith, J H (Lt). Public domain.
• Dummy tanks, mounted on trucks, going to the forward areas in the Western Desert, 13 February 1942. E8361
  Murray (Lieut), No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• El Alamein barrage general view
  Gladstone (Sgt) No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• El Alamein cemetery, ca1942 (28322558792)
  State Library of South Australia from Australia. Public domain.
• Entrance to the 'Tower Hill Memorial' in London.
  Rudolph,A.furtado. Public domain.
• Escorts and merchant ships at Hvalfjord in Iceland before the sailing of Convoy PQ 17 to Russia, May 1942. PQ 17 was decimated by U-boats and the Luftwaffe. A8953
  Royal Navy official photographer, Ware C J (Lt). Public domain.
• HMCS Ottawa H60 River class destroyer North Atlantic convoy escort sunk by U91 14 Sep 1942
  World War II In View. Public domain.
• HMS Sheffield frost
  Coote, R G G (Lt), Royal Navy official photographer. Public domain.
• Housewives queue outside baker and confectioner 'Williamson's' on High Road, Wood Green, London during 1945. D25034
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• Indian Army in Eritrea 1941
  Hurley, James Francis (Frank). Public domain.
• Indian sikh soldiers in Italian campaign
  Loughlin (Sgt), No 2 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• Indian soldiers mingle with men of the 81st West African Division after the latter had arrived in India for jungle training. The first African colonial troops to fight outside Africa, the 81st Division went on to Burma IND2864
  No 9 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• Indian Troops in East Africa, 1941 E2182
  No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit, Palmer F E (Lt). Public domain.
• Indian troops stand next to a Cheren (Keren) signpost, May 1941
  James Francis (Frank) Hurley. Public domain.
• Italian Prisoners of War in the Western Desert, January 1941 E1580
  No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit, Keating G (Capt). Public domain.
• Italian soldiers taken prisoner during Operation Compass
  Keating G (Capt) No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• IWM-E-6724-Crusader-19411126
  Clements (Lieut), No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• JervisBayatDakar1940
  Photo by JF Aylard, survivor. Public domain.
• John Maynard Keynes (1929)
  Unknown, dedicated to Bettmann Archive. Public domain.
• Keeping-watch-on-the-bridge-of-an-escorting-British-destroyer-391766095962
  Unknown photographer. Public domain.
• Lord Lothian, British Ambassador to U.S., Jan. 1940 LCCN2016877020
  Harris & Ewing, photographer. Public domain.
• Matilda Compass
  Keating G (Capt) No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• Matilda tanks on the move outside the perimeter of Tobruk, Libya, 18 November 1941. E6600
  Keating G (Capt), No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• MIT Radiation Laboratory magnetron tests RL-35-193
  MIT Radiation Laboratory. Public domain.
• No. 151 Wing Royal Air Force Operations in Russia, September-november 1941 CR132
  Royal Air Force official photographer, Daventry B J (F/O). Public domain.
• Pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF stand by the tail of one of their Hawker Hurricane Mk Is at Northolt, Middlesex, October 1940. CH1533
  Stanley Arthur Devon. Public domain.
• Pilots of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron RAF with one of their Hawker Hurricanes, October 1940. CH1535
  Stanley Arthur Devon. Public domain.
• President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill seated on the quarterdeck of HMS PRINCE OF WALES for a Sunday service during the Atlantic Conference, 10 August 1941. A4815
  Priest, L C (Lt), Royal Navy official photographer. Public domain.
• President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill seated on the quarterdeck of HMS PRINCE OF WALES for a Sunday service during the Atlantic Conference, 10 August 1941. A4816
  Leslie Cornish Priest. Public domain.
• Sherman tanks of the Eighth Army move across the desert
  No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit, Chetwyn (Sgt). Public domain.
• Short Sunderland Mk I of No. 210 Squadron RAF based at Oban in Scotland, escorting a Canadian troop convoy into Greenock, 31 July 1940. CH795
  Stanley Arthur Devon. Public domain.
• Sir Henry Tizard, KCB, AFC, FRS - IWM ART LD 5581
  Bernard Hailstone. Public domain.
• Soldiers of the 4th Indian Division decorate the side of their lorry, North Africa, 21 June 1941. E3660
  William George Vanderson. Public domain.
• The Arrival of the First Flotilla of Destroyers From America To the Royal Navy, Devonport, September 1940 A724
  Royal Navy official photographer, Tomlin, H W (Lt). Public domain.
• The Battle of the Atlantic 1939-1945 A5509
  Beadell S J (Lt), Royal Navy official photographer. Public domain.
• The Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945 CH1354
  Royal Air Force official photographer. Public domain.
• The British Army in North Africa 1942 E10147
  No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit, Groom (Sgt). Public domain.
• The Merchant Navy during the Second World War A11269
  John Alfred Hampton. Public domain.
• The Royal Navy during the Second World War A3623
  Coote, R G G (Lt), Royal Navy official photographer. Public domain.
• The Royal Navy during the Second World War A4570
  Royal Navy official photographer, Tomlin, H W (Lt). Public domain.
• The Tower Hill Memorial, London - 28th January 2007 003
  User:Stephenjh. Public domain.
• The Western Desert Campaign, 1941 E1766
  No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit, Davis L B (Lt). Public domain.
• The work of the Merchant Navy during the Second World War, 1943 D16068
  Ministry of Information Photo Division Photographer. Public domain.
• Tobruk trenches
  Smith (Lt) No 1 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Public domain.
• USS Arizona burning Pearl Harbor
  US National Archives. Public domain.
• USS Vincennes (CA-44) during sea trials, 1937
  Naval History & Heritage Command. Public domain.
• USS Vincennes (CA-44) in Panama Canal 1938
  Author unknown. Public domain.
• Ve Day Celebrations in London, 8 May 1945 HU41808
  Author unknown. Public domain.
• Ve Day Celebrations in London, 8 May 1945 TR2876
  British official photographer. Public domain.
• Winston Churchill As Prime Minister 1940-1945 MH26392
  Cecil Beaton. Public domain.
• Winston Churchill waves to crowds in Whitehall in London as they celebrate VE Day, 8 May 1945. H41849
  War Office official photographer, Major W. G. Horton. Public domain.

Thumbnail

• President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill seated on the quarterdeck of HMS PRINCE OF WALES for a Sunday service during the Atlantic Conference, 10 August 1941. A4815
  Priest, L C (Lt), Royal Navy official photographer. Public domain, cropped, modified.
• Winston Churchill As Prime Minister 1940-1945 MH26392
  Cecil Beaton. Public domain, cropped, modified.

Films (5)

• Why We Fight 4 – The Battle of Britain (1943)
  "Why We Fight: The Battle of Britain" (1943), Frank Capra — US War Department / US National Archives (RG 111), via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
• Why We Fight 5 – The Battle of Russia (1943)
  "Why We Fight: The Battle of Russia" (1943), Frank Capra — US War Department / US National Archives (RG 111), via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
• Why We Fight 7 – War Comes to America (1945)
  "Why We Fight: War Comes to America" (1945), Frank Capra — US War Department / US National Archives (RG 111), via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
• Desert Victory (1943)
  "Desert Victory" (1943) — Ministry of Information (UK), Army Film and Photographic Unit, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.
• The True Glory (1945)
  "The True Glory" (1945), SHAEF — UK Ministry of Information / US Office of War Information, copy from the US National Archives, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain.

Music

• Score composed for this channel with ElevenLabs Music
  ElevenLabs Music, paid plan with commercial use.

Sources (44)

• Foreign Relations of the United States, 1941, vol. III, doc. 1: "The British Prime Minister (Churchill) to President Roosevelt", 2 January 1941
  history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1941v03/d1
• Mark Seidl, "The Lend-Lease Program, 1941-1945", FDR Presidential Library & Museum
  fdrlibrary.org/lend-lease
• "Lend-Lease and Military Aid to the Allies in the Early Years of World War II", Milestones, Office of the Historian
  history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/lend-lease
• "Lend-Lease", Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
  encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/lend-lease
• "Lend-Lease Act (1941)", Milestone Documents, National Archives
  archives.gov/milestone-documents/lend-lease-act
• F. D. Roosevelt, "Fireside Chat" of 29 December 1940, The American Presidency Project (UC Santa Barbara)
  presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/fireside-chat-9
• "Undiplomat", review of Lord Casey's Personal Experience 1939-1946, The Spectator, 20 July 1962, p. 23
  archive.spectator.co.uk/article/20th-july-1962/23/undiplomat
• "A History of the Battle of Britain: Battle of the Nations", Battle of Britain Beacon (text by the Royal Air Force Museum)
  battleofbritainbeacon.org/history/battle-of-the-nations.html
• "David Low – The Hampstead Cartoonist Hitler Wanted Arrested", London Walks
  walks.com/podcast/david-low-the-hampstead-cartoonist-hitler-wanted-arrested
• Biography of David Low, The Powell & Pressburger Pages
  powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/Low/Biogr.html
• "Operation Compass", World History Encyclopedia
  worldhistory.org/Operation_Compass
• "Siege of Tobruk", Australian War Memorial
  awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/tobruk
• "Western Desert Campaign (Egypt and Libya)", Holocaust Encyclopedia, USHMM
  encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/western-desert-campaign-egypt-and-libya
• Bisheshwar Prasad (ed.), East African Campaign 1940-41, Official History of the Indian Armed Forces in the Second World War, ch. IX (HyperWar)
  ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/India/EAfrica/EAfrica-9.html
• "The Last Years of the British Indian Army", National Army Museum
  nam.ac.uk/whats-on/last-years-british-indian-army
• "Government of Canada Commemorates 75th Anniversary of Canada's Engagement in the Second World War", Government of Canada, October 2014
  canada.ca/en/news/archive/2014/10/government-canada-commemorates-75th-anniversary-canada-engagement-second-world-war.html
• "Billion Dollar Gift", The Canadian Encyclopedia
  thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/billion-dollar-gift
• Jeff Rutherford (Wheeling Jesuit University), review of David Edgerton, Britain's War Machine (2011), Michigan War Studies Review, 2012-001, 3 January 2012
  michiganwarstudiesreview.com/2012-001.htm
• "War of words: the U-boat peril", Military History Matters
  military-history.org/war-of-words/war-of-words-u-boat.htm
• "CWGC marks Merchant Navy Day", Commonwealth War Graves Commission, 3 September 2017
  cwgc.org/our-work/news/cwgc-marks-merchant-navy-day
• "Discover the Tower Hill Memorial", CWGC
  cwgc.org/our-war-graves-your-history/explore-great-britain/london/tower-hill-memorial
• "Pearl Harbor", Churchill Bulletin no. 162, International Churchill Society, December 2021 (extract from The Grand Alliance)
  winstonchurchill.org/churchill-bulletin/bullertin-162-dec-2021/pearl-harbor
• "The day FDR became a wartime president", Lowy Institute
  lowyinstitute.org/external-publications/day-fdr-became-wartime-president
• "Operation Barbarossa: Germany invades the Soviet Union", Anne Frank House (timeline)
  annefrank.org/en/timeline/28/operation-barbarossa-germany-invades-the-soviet-union
• W. Churchill, "Broadcast on the Soviet-German War", 22 June 1941, Wikisource
  en.wikisource.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill%27s_Broadcast_on_the_Soviet-German_War
• "Royal Navy Pays Tribute to WWII Arctic Convoys on 80th Anniversary", The Maritime Executive (Royal Navy press release), August 2021
  maritime-executive.com/article/royal-navy-pays-tribute-to-wwii-arctic-convoys-on-80th-anniversary
• "The Atlantic Conference & Charter, 1941", Milestones, Office of the Historian
  history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/atlantic-conf
• "Hitler's Declaration of War on the United States", The National WWII Museum
  nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/hitlers-declaration-war-united-states
• "Unermessliches Leid über Menschen gebracht", German Federal Government, 2016
  bundesregierung.de/breg-de/service/archiv-bundesregierung/alt-inhalte/unermessliches-leid-ueber-menschen-gebracht-427498
• FRUS, The Conferences at Washington, 1941-1942, and Casablanca, 1943, editorial note (doc. 269)
  history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1941-43/d269
• "Second Battle of El Alamein", World History Encyclopedia, 12 August 2024 (sources: Oxford Companion, Barr, Strawson)
  worldhistory.org/article/2519/second-battle-of-el-alamein
• W. Churchill, "The Bright Gleam of Victory", Mansion House, 10 November 1942, International Churchill Society
  winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1941-1945-war-leader/the-bright-gleam-of-victory
• "The Cavity Magnetron…", IEEE Spectrum
  spectrum.ieee.org/magnetron
• FRUS 1945, vol. VI, doc. 55: "Statement Issued to the Press by the White House, August 21, 1945, on Discontinuance of Lend-Lease Operations"
  history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1945v06/d55
• "Britain's final WWII debt payment", BBC News Magazine, December 2006 (copy kept by Mark Harrison, University of Warwick)
  warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/mharrison/comment/lendlease_may06.pdf
• Bryan Mitchell, "U.K. makes final payment to U.S. for post-WWII reconstruction", Stars and Stripes, 10-12 January 2007 (copy, University of Warwick)
  warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/mharrison/comment/lendlease070110.pdf
• Indian Independence Act 1947, official UK legislation database
  legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/10-11/30/contents
• "Our history", Commonwealth War Graves Commission
  cwgc.org/who-we-are/our-story
• "VJ Day and caring for the memorials of the Indian Army", BACSA (British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia)
  bacsa.org.uk/vj-day-and-caring-for-the-memorials-of-the-indian-army
• "Doctrine and Training in the Indian Army", National Army Museum
  nam.ac.uk/whats-on/doctrine-and-training-indian-army
• Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, "Vincennes II (CA-44)" (HyperWar copy)
  ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/CA/ca44.html
• "Occasional Paper 125: Captain Edward Fegen and the Loss of HMS Jervis Bay", Naval Historical Society of Australia
  navyhistory.au/occasional-paper-125-captain-edward-fegen-and-the-loss-of-hms-jervis-bay
• "Recon… October 1942" (Koch collection), Ghost Bombers
  ghostbombers.com/recon/Koch/oct_04.html
• "Beyond Burma: Forgotten Armies" (National Army Museum exhibition, 2025-2026), IanVisits listing
  ianvisits.co.uk/calendar/beyond-burma-forgotten-armies-423702

Notes

Original sound is kept on some shots of the public-domain films listed above, including the original music of The True Glory in the chapter "The test". Sound effects: Mixkit library (free licence).

David Low's cartoon "Very Well, Alone" (1940) is described in the video, never shown. Maps, documents and paper cut-outs are drawn in code.